Research and Evaluation Exam 1 Practice

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• In a logic model, how do 'outputs' differ from 'outcomes'?
• What does social science research focus on?
• Define content validity and give an example.
• Which component is listed as the final element in the stages of research?
• Which option is not among the listed ways to measure data?
• What is response bias, and how can survey design reduce it?
• In process evaluation, which concept refers to implementation fidelity?
• What is the main purpose of applying weights to sample estimates?
• Which definition best describes research?
• Which type of variable is used to hold other variables constant to isolate effects?
• The College Student Victimization Survey (CSA) estimates what?
• What is a cost-utility analysis?
• Which scenario best describes the use of propensity score matching?
• Which variable is typically affected by the independent variable?
• What is a logic model's 'outputs' vs 'activities' distinction?
• Which statement describes predatory journals?
• What is the difference between program theory and implementation theory?
• In the framework, which stage marks the starting point from the abstract idea?
• How does a theory of change influence evaluation questions?
• Which statement best describes knowledge and ways of knowing?
• In ethical human subjects research, the aim is to contribute to generalizable knowledge while doing what?
• Explanatory research aims to...
• What is a results framework and how is it used in evaluation planning?
• What is propensity score matching and when would you use it?
• Which elements belong in an executive summary of an evaluation report?
• What is the purpose of the findings section?
• Which outcome is NOT typically evaluated during a pilot test of data collection instruments?
• In preparing a rough draft, what activity focuses on organizational structure and flow?
• What do impact factors represent?
• What does a theory of change primarily describe?
• Which of the following is not a common source of evidence for construct validity?
• Which of the following best describes a null hypothesis?
• Evaluation research is characterized by...
• In research ethics, a 'human subject' is defined as a living individual.
• How many researchers are described in the material?
• Near repeat burglary refers to which focus?
• Which statement about cross-group comparisons is true when measurement invariance is established?
• Authoritative sources in the material are described as including which groups?
• Define reliability and provide an example related to a survey instrument.
• What is the difference between data saturation and statistical power?
• Which statement is true about interval and ratio measurement scales?
• Variables are defined as what?
• Mixed methods design and two common implementations.
• Describe a quasi-experimental design and give two examples.
• What is a sample?
• Which focus is primarily concerned with long-term changes in the target population?
• A formal statement asking for research proposals on a particular topic is an
• Which elements contribute to rigor in qualitative thematic analysis?
• What is nonresponse bias?
• How is Science defined in the material?
• Why is ethical data sharing important and what steps protect participants?
• Quantitative data uses which type of data?
• Who manages the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) according to the material?
• Groff's research focused on which phenomenon?
• Brunson and his colleague focused on police relations with which groups?
• What is an effect size and why is it important beyond p-values?
• Which sampling method divides the population into subgroups and samples within each subgroup?
• What is the purpose of a data-use agreement in ethical data sharing?
• The 'basic policy of protection of human subjects' primarily refers to?
• In the Colorado judicial department context, what is emphasized as essential for applicants?
• Which concept is described as participants choosing what shall or shall not be done to them?
• Which statement best describes data saturation in qualitative research?
• What is criterion validity and what are its two forms?
• Explanatory research is primarily used to...
• Which researcher conducted research on prostitution stings where decoys are used?
• Which of the following is a type of validity?
• Which researcher is described as focusing on victimization and youth violence and accessing victim services?
• In a regression discontinuity design, assignment to treatment is determined by a cut-off on an assignment variable. This design is appropriate when assignment to treatment is determined by what?
• What is described as the purpose related to authority figures in the material?
• What is construct validity and what are three common sources of evidence for it?
• Conceptualization primarily involves what?
• Which approaches are commonly used to mitigate nonresponse bias?
• What was the stated purpose of the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment in the material?
• Data saturation in qualitative research?
• What did the Stanford Prison Experiment primarily investigate?
• Which method is commonly used to handle data missing at random (MAR)?
• How many core ethical principles are identified in the Belmont Report?
• Why might a researcher use filters when searching literature?
• Which statement best captures ethics in research?
• Which of the following best defines data triangulation?
• What is the purpose of an audit trail in qualitative research?
• Independent variable is defined as
• How do randomized controlled trials differ from quasi-experimental designs?
• Data is defined as which type of information?
• Which ethical principle is primarily concerned with distributing research burdens and benefits fairly?
• Which sequence best represents the stages of research as described?
• How does a theory of change differ from a logic model in guiding evaluation?
• Which researcher is associated with the subfield of behavioral geography and the relationship between place and crime?
• How do you integrate qualitative and quantitative findings in a mixed methods report?
• What artifact links program inputs, activities, outputs, outcomes, and impact and serves as the backbone of an evaluation design?
• What approach is recommended for MNAR (missing not at random) data?
• What question does an interrupted time series design answer?
• Which statement best distinguishes descriptive research from exploratory research?
• When is a mixed methods design particularly appropriate?
• The Bureau of Justice Statistics uses data from which survey?
• What are the stages to go from concept to variables in correct order?
• What does the conclusions section do?
• Do reliability and validity always exist together?
• Which organization is associated with the NCVS data according to the material?
• In survey design, which term means an attribute is required for every possible response?
• What are Research Methods?
• Which agency oversees the Belmont Report and human subjects protections guidance in the United States?
• Which activities involve summarizing and synthesizing the material gathered in the literature?
• Qualitative data uses which type of data?
• A literature review helps identify what in relation to the topic?
• Ethics are defined as what?
• What is the purpose of a literature review?
• Ethics is defined in the material as which concept?
• Which option best describes the relationship between validity and reliability as stated?
• The explanation about how things work or assumptions that lead to ideas about research topics is called a
• A study focusing on Latino teen dating violence would most likely examine which topic?
• What is the purpose of conducting a sensitivity analysis when dealing with outliers?
• Data includes which of the following?
• What is a randomized controlled trial and when is it feasible in program evaluation?
• Which researcher is described as working on projects involving university and alleged illegal acts by doctors, including coverups and whistleblowers?
• Which principle obligates researchers to avoid causing harm to participants?
• Why are research methods important?
• Informed Consent requires that participants choose what shall or shall not be done to them. Which option best describes this concept?
• Which factor is NOT typically considered by an IRB when evaluating risk?
• Which statement best captures the role of a research question?
• When should a researcher use a convergent parallel design in mixed methods?
• Which concept describes science as a recursive process of developing empirical knowledge?
• Explain why sampling error matters and how to reduce it.
• What is the function of the methods section in a research report?
• What is a sampling frame?
• What term is defined as information believed to be true and reliable?
• Which mechanism describes missing not at random, where missingness relates to unobserved data?
• Which components are typically included in a needs assessment for a program?
• Which form of criterion validity assesses how well a measure predicts future outcomes?
• What is the difference between a scoping review and a systematic review?
• What does IRB stand for?
• Which US agency provides guidance for ethical conduct of human subjects research in the United States?
• Areas of interest include victimizations and trauma, sexual violence and sexual offending, and family violence and psychological assessment. Which term describes this grouping?
• Which step involves constructing a formal research statement that identifies purpose and narrows the topic?
• What is the primary role of an Institutional Review Board (IRB) in research?
• Which statement correctly contrasts qualitative and quantitative data collection?
• What is internal validity and why is it crucial in evaluating causal claims?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as an area of interest in the material?
• What is the primary purpose of the Nuremberg Code?
• Which of the following is a form of reliability?
• What is a multilevel model and when is it appropriate in program evaluation?
• NOIR refers to which of the following?
• Name three threats to internal validity in experimental designs.
• Which option describes using data that has already been gathered and is available?
• Which statement best describes a behaviorally specific question?
• Distinguish between process evaluation and outcome/impact evaluation.
• Literature reviews situate the current study within which of the following?
• What term describes turning a theoretical concept into a measurable form?
• Which element is included among the stages of research?
• What is the purpose of a pilot test of data collection instruments?
• Descriptive research is best described as:
• What is the primary purpose of exploratory research?
• A data codebook is the collection of all data gathered by a particular data set.
• Which researcher studied victimizations and trauma and the impact of psychological factors on revictimization of children?
• Which term describes the tools used to gather data that represent an abstract underlying concept?
• Which statement identifies the four levels of measurement included in NOIR?
• What type of reasoning is associated with quantitative data?
• Which activity is a core part of a literature review?
• During a literature review, what task involves selecting the final set of primary sources?
• What is the stated goal of research according to the material?
• What is measurement invariance and what does it enable in cross-group comparisons?
• Which statement best reflects the relationship between content validity and construct validity?
• What is the role of the discussion section?
• AAU research descriptions are characterized as which of the following?
• In mixed methods, what is triangulation?
• A Behaviorally Specific Question is defined as what?
• A testable statement about the relationship between variables is called a
• Which statement describes statistical power and its importance in study design?
• CSA stands for Campus Sexual Assault in this context?
• What is the primary purpose of a theoretical journal article?
• What is described as the relationship between answering the research question and knowledge creation?
• Which historic study is frequently cited as contributing to the development of ethical research guidelines due to its unethical design?
• Which researcher is most closely associated with prostitution stings research involving decoys?
• Nonresponse bias occurs when nonrespondents differ systematically from respondents. Which statement best describes this bias?
• The statement 'FBI crime data gathered from police agencies' refers to which data collection program?
• Which researcher has interests including victimization and youth violence and examines factors related to accessing victim services for male and female victims?
• In data collection, what is the term for the grouping of data collected?
• Which statement best describes the concept of 'attributes' in data collection?
• Which practices help reduce response bias in surveys?
• Which analysis converts outcomes into monetary units to assess net benefits?
• In a sampling context, why is a good sampling frame important?
• Qualitative data uses what type of reasoning?
• Which agency issued memoranda requiring all proposed research to be reviewed?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as an authoritative source in the material?
• Zaykowski's research focused on which issue?
• How should outliers be handled in evaluation data?
• Which group is NOT typically classified as a vulnerable population in research ethics?
• Evaluation research involves...
• Operationalization refers to what?
• What is the difference between reliability (test-retest) and internal consistency?
• Which of the following is NOT a form of validity?
• What best describes a predatory publisher?
• The goal of research using qualitative data is to deeply and richly understand the topic.
• Which principle requires that subjects be treated reasonably, justly, and fairly?
• What is the primary function of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
• Which statement correctly matches Beneficence with its description?
• Which term denotes the desirable characteristic that response categories cover all possible options?
• What is the primary role of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
• Which researcher conducted studies examining youth experiences in neighborhood contexts involving interaction with gang-affiliated juveniles in a juvenile detention center?
• Which of the following is one of the core principles identified in the Belmont Report?
• What practice is described as iterative editing, proofreading, and polishing until the review is complete?
• Which groups are commonly considered vulnerable populations in research ethics?
• In conducting a literature search, what technique helps refine the results?
• A noted limitation of early ethical codes is that they offered no mechanism for what?
• Which sequence best matches the four basic research types described: exploratory, descriptive, explanatory, and evaluation?
• Which term describes a subset of the population of interest identified for study?
• Cohen's kappa value interpretation: A value of 0.75 indicates what level of agreement?
• Nuremberg Code and Belmont Report are associated with which area?